Allah SWT telah memberikan kedudukan khusus bagi setiap orang yang berilmu dibandingkan orang yang tidak berilmu. Kedudukan tersebut merupakan hal yang istimewa karena orang yang beriman dan memiliki ilmu pengetahuan akan diangkat beberapa derajat oleh Allah SWT berdasarkan firmanya pada (QS.Al-Mujadalah:11)
Artinya:
“Wahai orang-orang yang beriman! Apabila dikatakan kepadamu, “Berilah kelapangan di dalam majelis-majelis,” maka lapangkanlah, niscaya Allah akan memberi kelapangan untukmu. Dan apabila dikatakan, “Berdirilah kamu,” maka berdirilah, niscaya Allah akan mengangkat (derajat) orang-orang yang beriman di antaramu dan orang-orang yang diberi ilmu beberapa derajat. Dan Allah Mahateliti apa yang kamu kerjakan.”
Tidak hanya disisi Allah saja orang yang berilmu itu istimewa. Disisi sesamanya pun juga pastinya mendapatkan keistimewaan yang khusus. Akan tetapi ada satu hal penting yang tak boleh kita abaikan dalam berilmu, yaitu adab. Maka penting bagi kita untuk beradab sebelum berilmu.
“Orang beradab sudah pasti berilmu,Orang berilmu belum tentu beradab.”
Semua dari kita mungkin sudah mengetahuinya, bahwa perbedaan manusia dengan binatang ialah akal atau ilmu. Namun, tingkatan yang lebih tinggi dari ilmu yakni adab atau akhlak. Karena seberapapun banyaknya ilmu tanpa disertai adab yang baik dapat menjadikan manusia akan berberilaku layaknya binatang.
Imam Malik rahimahullah yang pernah berkata pada seorang pemuda Quraisy, “Pelajarilah adab sebelum mempelajari suatu ilmu.”
Kenapa para ulama berpesan betapa pentingnya mendahulukan dan mempelajari adab? Sebagaimana Yusuf bin Al Husain berkata,
“Dengan mempelajari adab, maka engkau jadi mudah memahami ilmu.”
Tidak hanya itu. Bahkan adab butuh waktu lebih banyak untuk dipelajari dibandingkan ilmu. Ibnul Mubarok berkata,
“Kami mempelajari masalah adab itu selama 30 tahun sedangkan kami mempelajari ilmu selama 20 tahun.”
Sebegitu pentingkah mendahulukan mempelajari adab, baru ilmu kemudian?
contohnya di dalam kehidupan kita, pasti pernah menjumpai seseorang yang sangat cerdas, tapi sombong. Pintar tapi tak berperilaku baik. Pandai, tapi adab terhadap orang tua/gurunya kurang. Pastinya kita pun memandang tidak baik orang seperti itu, karena budi pekertinya yang tidak sinkron atau sinergi dengan kepandaiannya.
Seperti halnya di indonesia, mereka yang melakukan korupsi kebanyakan adalah mereka yang memiliki jabatan tinggi yang pasti berilmu tinggi pula. Selain itu, kita pun mendengar beberapa kasus murid yang tak memiliki sopan santun terhadap gurunya, atau karena orang tuanya memiliki jabatan tinggi jadi seenaknya sendiri terhadap guru. Itulah mengapa adab diutamakan untuk dipelajari terlebih dahulu.
Apasih pengertian adab itu?
Al-adab artinya menerapkan segala yang dipuji oleh orang, baik berupa perkataan maupun perbuatan. Sebagian ulama juga mendefinisikan, adab adalah menerapkan “akhlak-akhlak yang mulia”.
Adab adalah disiplin rohani, akli, dan jasmani yang memungkinkan seseorang dan masyarakat mengenal dan meletakkan segala sesuatu pada tempatnya dengan benar dan wajar, sehingga menimbulkan keharmonisan dan keadilan dalam diri, masyarakat, dan lingkungannya. Hasil tertinggi dari adab ialah mengenal Allah SWT dan „meletakkan‟-Nya di tempat-Nya yang wajar dengan melakukan ibadah dan amal shaleh pada tahap ihsan.
Adab merupakan salah satu prasyarat penting bagi para penuntut ilmu dan kepada siapa ilmu diberikan. Menurut Syaikh Muhammad Najih Maimoen, dalam pendidikan Islam terdapat tiga komponen penting yang harus dimiliki oleh mu‟allim dan muta‟allim, yaitu ilmu yang benar, amal, dan adab
Dari penjelasan diatas, artinya kita harus memiliki adab atau akhlaq yang baik sebelum berilmu.
Hal ini dijelaskan oleh Rasulullah SAW dalam sabdanya:
Artinya:
“Kaum Mu’minin yang paling sempurna imannya adalah yang paling baik akhlaknya” (HR. Tirmidzi no. 1162)
Sangat jelas dikatakan, bahwa sebaik-baik manusia yang paling baik akhlaqnya. Oleh karena itu, jika mau jadi sebaik-baik manusia, maka harus memperbaiki adab/akhlaknya.
Selain itu pesantren juga telah menanamkan pendidikan adab sejak berabad-abad lamanya. Penanaman adab tersebut bukan hanya dalam beretika antara guru dan murid, namun juga dalam pemilihan ilmu-ilmu yang diajarkan yang berasal dari para otoritas berwibawa (ulama) yang diakui kesinambungan ilmu sampai pada ajaran Nabi Muhammad ShallaLlahu „alaihi wa Sallama dan tindakan para shahabat (maa ana„alaihi wa ashhabi) seperti Fath al-Qarib, Fath al-Mu‟in, Alfiyyah li Ibn Malik, Tafsir al-Jalalain, Bulugh al-Maram, Ta‟lim al-Muta‟allim, dan sebagainya.
Kaitanya dengan adab telah dijelaskan pula oleh Syaikh al-Imam az-Zahid dalam kitabnya “Bidayatul Hidayah,” dalam salah satu bab tentang adab seorang yang alim;
“Jika engkau seorang alim, maka adab yang kau harus kau perhatikan adalah sabar, selalu santun, duduk dengan wibawa disertai kepala yang tunduk, tidak takabur terhadap semua hamba kecuali pada mereka yang lalim dengan tujuan menghapus kelalimannya, bersikap tawadu dalam setiap majelis dan pertemuan, tidak bersenda gurau, menyayangi murid, berhati-hati terhadap orang yang sombong, memperbaiki negeri dengan cara yang baik dan tidak marah, tidak malu untuk mengaku tidak tahu, memperhatikan pertanyaan si penanya dan berusaha memahami pertanyaannya, mau menerima hujah dan mengikuti yang benar dengan kembali kepadanya manakala ia salah, melarang murid mempelajari ilmu yang berbahaya dan mengingatkannya agar tidak menuntut ilmu untuk selain rida Allah Swt, melarang murid sibuk dengan hal-hal yang bersifat fardu kifayah sebelum menyelesaikan yang fardu ain (yang termasuk fardu ain adalah memperbaiki yang lahir dan batinnya dengan takwa) serta membekali dirinya terlebih dahulu dengan sikap takwa tersebut agar sang murid bisa mencontoh amalnya, kemudian mengambil manfaat dari ucapannya”.
Sebenarnya cakupan adab sangat luas. Bukan hanya dalam menuntut ilmu saja. Dalam hal ini dengan mengutamakan adab sebelum menuntut ilmu menjadikan ilmu yang selama ini kita pelajari menjadi bermanfaat dan penuh keberkahan. Sehingga dengan adab dan akhlaq yang baik menjadikan kita lebih mudah memahami ilmu.
Apa saja adab sebelum menuntut ilmu?
SABAR DALAM MENUNTUT ILMU, DIPELAJARI DARI ADAB. FAHAM ATAS ILMU, DIPELAJARI DARI ADAB. TERSEBARNYA ILMU, DIPELAJARI DARI ADAB. MARI DAHULUKAN ADAB DIBANDINGKAN ILMU.
Oleh: Anang Manthofani
Sumber:
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Pelajari asab sebagaimana mempelajari ilmu
Barakallah
Barakallah, Semoga bermanfaat untuk kita semua,.
Ma shaa Alloh.. sangat bermanfaat…???
Barakallah ?
???
?
??
Wa ma arsalnaka illa utamimal akhlaq
Ini tujuannya..ilmu tidak merubah akhlak dan adab malah memberatkan
??????
Semoga berkah ilmunya ?
MasyaaAllah
Baarakallahu fiyk
???
??
?
Barokalloh. Sangat bermanfaat ?
???
??
Baguss
MasyaAllah ??
Bagaimana seharusnya adab peserta didik kepada gurunya?
?
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